IB Chemistry SL & HL

Chemistry SL study guide:

Quantitative Chemistry

• Mole Concept
• Units
• Mole – Particle Conversions
• Molar Mass
• Mole – Mass Conversions
• Balancing Equations
• Mole Relationships in a Chemical Reaction
• Mass Relationships in a Chemical Reaction
• Limiting Reactant
• Determination of Formulae – Gravimetric Analysis
• Mixtures & Solutions
• Making Solutions and Determining Solute Mass
• Kinetic Molecular Theory
• Pressure
• Boyle’s Law
• Pressure Law
• Charles’ Law
• The Combined Gas Law
• Avogadro’s Law
• Avogadro’s Law of Combining Volumes
• Ideal Gas Law
• Yield: Theoretical, Experimental and Percentage
• Empirical & Molecular Formulae
• Calculations from Percentage Information
• Calculations from Empirical Data
• Compounds Containing Oxygen
• Molecular Formula
• Summary Questions

Atomic Structure

• Subatomic Particles
• The Nuclear Atom & Isotopes
• Isotope Notation
• The Mass Spectrometer
• Relative Atomic Mass
• Calculating Relative Average Atomic Mass
• Calculating Natural Abundance
• The Electronic Atom – Basic Structure
• Evidence for Shells – The Hydrogen Spectrum
• Explaining the Hydrogen Spectrum
• The Electronic Atom – Shells & Sub-Shells
• Summary Questions

Periodicity

• Structure of the Periodic Table
• Effective Nuclear Charge
• Trends in the Periodic Table – The Basic Idea
• Atomic Radius
• Ionic Radius
• Atomic vs. Ionic Radii
• Ionization Energy – General Trend
• Electron Affinity
• Electronegativity
• Chemical Properties
• Reactions of Alkali Metals and Halogens
• Reactions of Alkali Metals with Water
• Properties of the Halogens
• Halogens & Halides
• Chemical Properties Across Period 3
• Reactions of the Oxides of Period 3 with Water
• Summary Questions

Bonding

• Bonding vs. Structure
• The Octet Rule
• Types of Bonding
• Ionic Charges & Formulae
• Simple Ionic Compounds – From the Periodic Table
• Transition Metal Compounds
• Is it +2 or 2+?
• Compounds of Polyatomic Ions
• Ionic Compounds & Properties
• Metallic Bonding & Alloys
• Melting Point
• Melting Point of Group 1 – The Alkali Metals
• Covalent Bonding
• Covalent Formulae
• Lewis Structure
• VSEPR Theory & Molecular Shapes I Resonance & Delocalization
• Resonance Stabilization Energy
• Bond Polarity and Molecular Polarity
• Bond Length and Strength
• Allotropes of Carbon
• Intermolecular Forces
• London Dispersion Forces
• Dipole – Dipole Forces
• Dipole – Induced Dipole
• Hydrogen Bonding
• The Layering of Intermolecular Forces
• How do you Determine the type of IMF?
• Types of Solids
• Physical Properties of Solids
• Summary Questions

Energetics

• Endothermic & Exothermic
• Potential Energy Diagrams (Enthalpy Diagrams)
• Standard Conditions
• Calorimetry – Enthalpy Change Calculations
• Assumptions in Calorimetry
• The Calorimeter Constant
• Hess’ Law
• Heat of Hydration
• Bond Enthalpy
• Standard Enthalpy Changes
• Standard Enthalpy of Formation
• Standard Enthalpy of Combustion
• Which Formula do I use?
• Summary Questions

Kinetics

• Rates of Reaction
• Rate Experiments
• Collision Theory
• Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction

Equilibrium

• Dynamic Equilibrium
• Approaching Equilibrium
• Position of Equilibrium
• LeChÂteleir’s Principle
• Reaction Quotient
• The Meaning of Kc
• Determining the Equilibirum Constant, KEQ
• Determining Equilibrium Concentrations
• Summary Questions

Acids & Bases

• Bronsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
• Properties of Acids & Bases
• H+ (AQ) or H3O+ (AQ)?
• Conjugate Pairs
• Amphoteric Substances
• Strong & Weak
• Distinguishing Between Strong and Weak
• pH Scale
• Acid Deposition
• Buffer Solutions
• Summary Questions

Oxidation & Reduction

• Oxidation Numbers
• Redox Reactions
• Reactivity
• Half Reactions
• Dissolved Oxygen and BOD Definitions
• Voltaic Cells
• Salt Bridge
• Standard Electrode Potentials
• Electrolysis of Molten Salts
• Electrolysis of Solutions
• Factors Affecting Amount of Electrolysis Product
• Balancing Redox Reactions in Acidic Solution
• Summary Questions

Organic Chemistry

• Hydrocarbons
• Naming Hydrocarbons
• Isomers
• Structural Isomers
• Branching in Organic Chemistry
• Alkanes
• Organic Functional Groups
• Functional Groups vs. Classes of Compounds
• Functional Group Isomerism
• Alkenes – Electrophilic Addition Reactions
• Benzene and Derivatives
• Important Isomers
• Halogenoalkanes
• Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
• Alcohols
• Combustion of Alcohols
• Oxidation of Alcohols
• Alcohol Oxidation Products
• Reduction of Aldehydes, Ketones and Acids
• Functional Groups Containing Nitrogen
• Reduction of Nitriles
• Ester Condensation Reactions
• Reaction Pathways
• Summary Questions

Measurement & Data Processing

• Observations
• Uncertainty in Measurements
• Precision & Accuracy
• Significant Digits
• Rounding of Numbers
• Adding and Subtracting Significant Digits
• Multiplying and Dividing Significant Digits
• Systematic Uncertainty
• Absolute & Relative Uncertainty
• Propagating Uncertainty
• Types of Relationships
• The Formula of a Compound
• Mass Spectroscopy (MS)
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Infrared Spectroscopy
• X-Ray Crystallography

Chemistry HL study guide:

Quantitative Chemistry

• Mole Concept
• Units
• Mole – Particle Conversions
• Molar Mass
• Mole – Mass Conversions
• Balancing Equations
• Mole Relationships in a Chemical Reaction
• Mass Relationships in a Chemical Reaction
• Limiting Reactant
• Determination of Formulae – Gravimetric Analysis
• Mixtures & Solutions
• Making Solutions and Determining Solute Mass
• Kinetic Molecular Theory
• Pressure
• Boyle’s Law
• Pressure Law
• Charles’ Law
• The Combined Gas Law
• Avogadro’s Law
• Avogadro’s Law of Combining Volumes
• Ideal Gas Law
• Yield: Theoretical, Experimental and Percentage
• Empirical & Molecular Formulae
• Calculations from Percentage Information
• Calculations from Empirical Data
• Compounds Containing Oxygen
• Molecular Formula
• Summary Questions

Atomic Structure

• Subatomic Particles
• The Nuclear Atom & Isotopes
• Isotope Notation
• The Mass Spectrometer
• Relative Atomic Mass
• Calculating Relative Average Atomic Mass
• Calculating Natural Abundance
• The Electronic Atom – Basic Structure
• Evidence for Shells – The Hydrogen Spectrum
• Explaining the Hydrogen Spectrum
• The Electronic Atom – Shells & Sub-Shells
• AHL – Energy of Light
• Orbital Diagrams & Hund’s Rule
• Exceptions to the Filling Pattern in the D-Block
• Successive Ionization Energies – Evidence for Shells
• Exceptions to Ionization Energy Trend – Evidence for Subshells
• Summary Questions

Periodicity

• Structure of the Periodic Table
• Effective Nuclear Charge
• Trends in the Periodic Table – The Basic Idea
• Atomic Radius
• Ionic Radius
• Atomic vs. Ionic Radii
• Ionization Energy – General Trend
• Electron Affinity
• Electronegativity
• Chemical Properties
• Reactions of Alkali Metals and Halogens
• Reactions of Alkali Metals with Water
• Properties of the Halogens
• Halogens & Halides
• Chemical Properties Across Period 3
• Reactions of the Oxides of Period 3 with Water
• First Row D-Block Elements
• Catalysts
• Complex Ions
• Colourful Transition Metal Compounds
• Summary Questions

Bonding

• Bonding vs. Structure
• The Octet Rule
• Types of Bonding
• Ionic Charges & Formulae
• Simple Ionic Compounds – From the Periodic Table
• Transition Metal Compounds
• Is it +2 or 2+?
• Compounds of Polyatomic Ions
• Ionic Compounds & Properties
• Metallic Bonding & Alloys
• Melting Point
• Melting Point of Group 1 – The Alkali Metals
• Covalent Bonding
• Covalent Formulae
• Lewis Structure
• VSEPR Theory & Molecular Shapes I
• Exceptional Lewis Structures
• Shapes of Molecules II
• Hybridization
• Types of Covalent Bonds
• Resonance & Delocalization
• Resonance Stabilization Energy
• Bond Angle and Double Bonds
• Formal Charges
• Bond Polarity and Molecular Polarity
• Bond Length and Strength
• Allotropes of Carbon
• Intermolecular Forces
• London Dispersion Forces
• Dipole – Dipole Forces
• Dipole – Induced Dipole
• Hydrogen Bonding
• The Layering of Intermolecular Forces
• How do you Determine the type of IMF?
• Types of Solids
• Physical Properties of Solids
• Summary Questions

Energetics

• Endothermic & Exothermic
• Potential Energy Diagrams (Enthalpy Diagrams)
• Standard Conditions
• Calorimetry – Enthalpy Change Calculations
• Assumptions in Calorimetry
• The Calorimeter Constant
• Hess’ Law
• Heat of Hydration
• Bond Enthalpy
• Standard Enthalpy Changes
• Standard Enthalpy of Formation
• Standard Enthalpy of Combustion
• Which Formula do I use?
• Born – Haber Cycles & Ionic Lattice Enthalpy
• Entropy
• Hess’ Law and Entropy
• Spontaneity & Gibb’s Free Energy
• Free Energy & Equilibrium
• Summary Questions

Kinetics

• Rates of Reaction
• Rate Experiments
• Collision Theory
• Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction
• Rate Expression/Rate Law
• The Rate Constant
• Reaction Mechanisms
• Activation Energy
• Summary Questions

Equilibrium

• Dynamic Equilibrium
• Approaching Equilibrium
• Position of Equilibrium
• LeChÂteleir’s Principle
• Reaction Quotient
• The Meaning of Kc
• Determining the Equilibirum Constant, KEQ
• Determining Equilibrium Concentrations
• Summary Questions

Acids & Bases

• Theories of Acids and Bases
• Properties of Acids & Bases
• H+ (AQ) or H3O+ (AQ)?
• Conjugate Pairs
• Amphoteric Substances
• Strong & Weak
• Distinguishing Between Strong and Weak
• pH Scale
• Acid Deposition
• Calculation of pH of Weak Acid Solutions
• Hydrolysis of Salts
• Buffer Solutions
• Acid – Base Titration – Strong Acid & Strong Base
• Acid – Base Titration – Weak & Strong
• Indicators
• pH Curves
• Relative Strengths of Acids & Bases
• Summary Questions

Oxidation & Reduction

• Oxidation Numbers
• Redox Reactions
• Reactivity
• Half Reactions
• Dissolved Oxygen and BOD Definitions
• Voltaic Cells
• Salt Bridge
• Standard Electrode Potentials
• Electrolysis of Molten Salts
• Electrolysis of Solutions
• Factors Affecting Amount of Electrolysis Product
• Balancing Redox Reactions in Acidic Solution
• Summary Questions

Organic Chemistry

• Hydrocarbons
• Naming Hydrocarbons
• Isomers
• Structural Isomers
• Branching in Organic Chemistry
• Alkanes
• Organic Functional Groups
• Functional Groups vs. Classes of Compounds
• Functional Group Isomerism
• Alkenes – Electrophilic Addition Reactions
• Electrophilic Addition Mechanism
• Benzene and Derivatives
• Important Isomers
• Halogenoalkanes
• Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
• SN1 – Nucleophilic Substitution – First Order Kinetics
• SN2 – Nucleophilic Substitution – Second Order Kinetics
• Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions II
• Alcohols
• Combustion of Alcohols
• Oxidation of Alcohols
• Alcohol Oxidation Products
• Reduction of Aldehydes, Ketones and Acids
• Functional Groups Containing Nitrogen
• Elimination Reactions
• Ester Condensation Reactions
• Condensation Polymers
• Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
• Reaction Pathways
• Stereoisomerism
• Optical Isomerism
• Summary Questions

Measurement & Data Processing

• Observations
• Uncertainty in Measurements
• Precision & Accuracy
• Significant Digits
• Rounding of Numbers
• Adding and Subtracting Significant Digits
• Multiplying and Dividing Significant Digits
• Systematic Uncertainty
• Absolute & Relative Uncertainty
• Propagating Uncertainty
• Types of Relationships
• The Formula of a Compound
• Mass Spectroscopy (MS)
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Infrared Spectroscopy
• X-Ray Crystallography